Computer Peripheral devices || Operating Hardware System

What are the computer peripheral devices

Peripheral devices, known as peripherals, computer peripherals, input-output devices, or input/output devices, use to enter information and instructions into a computer for storage or processing and to distribute processes data. Any of the various devices (including sensors).

A human operator or, in some cases, a machine controlled by a computer. Such devices make devices peripheral to modern digital computer systems. External devices usually divide into three types: input devices, output devices, and storage devices (which are part of the characteristics of the first two).

computer peripheral devices

An input device converts incoming data and instructions into binary code in a pattern of electrical signals that makes sense for a digital computer. An output device reverses the process, translating the digitized signals into a sensible form for the user. At a one-time perforate-card and paper-tape, readers use extensively for input but are now by more efficient devices.


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Many Types of computer peripheral devices

1. Mouse
2. Keywords
3. Scanner
4. Webcam
5. Joystick
6. Track boll
7. Digital Camera
8. Monitor
9. Speaker
10. Printer
11. Projector
12. Microphone

I go into more detail about each example below.

Mouse (Input Device)

The mouse is an input device, use to make selections and move objects on a computer screen. A mouse can be with a laser or a ball, wired or wireless. Though the mouse consider as a peripheral, it is a vital device and essential for using computer

Keyboard (Input Device)

A keyboard is one of the primary input devices and it looks similar to found on electric typewriters. keyboards allow users to enter letters number and other symbols into a computer serve as commands or are type text.

Scanner (Input Device)

A scanner reads documents (text and photographs) and stores them in the computer to connected. The physical document converter to digital format after it gets a scan. The digital document viewed and modified on a computer.

The software needs to install in the computer for scanners to work but now all the systems have inbuilt settings to detect the scanner automatically. Basic scanning software allows the user to import data from it. Scanners with flat scanning surfaces are suitable for books, pages, photographs, and so on computer peripheral devices.

Webcam (Input Device)

These input devices are video cameras that connect to computers. They may be external or implicit. Webcams are often to make people watch each other while communicating over the Internet or to record video blogs or other videos.

Webcams made in computers as well as mobile phones. The first webcam develops at the University of Cambridge in 1991 and point at a coffee pot so that researchers around the computer science department would not take a trip, only to find that it was empty.

Joystick (Input Device)

In computers, a joystick is a cursor control device that uses in computer games and assistive technology. The joystick, which got its name from the control stick used by a pilot and to control the elevator and lift of an airplane, is a handheld the lever that pivots at one end and shifts its coordinates Accesses a computer. It often consists of one or more push-buttons, called switches, whose position can also be read by a computer.


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Trackball (Input Device)

A trackball is an input device that uses to enter motion data in computers or other electronic devices. It serves the same purpose as a mouse but is design with a movable ball on top, which can be rolled in any direction. Instead of moving the entire instrument, you simply roll the moving ball over the top of the trackball unit with your hand to generate motion input.

Trackballs designed for computers typically serve as mouse replacements and are primarily used to move the cursor across the screen. Like mice, computer trackball devices also include buttons, which can serve as left-click and right-click buttons and can also be used to enter other commands.

While trackballs are most commonly used with computers, they can also be found in other electronics, such as arcade games, mixing boards, and self-service kiosks. These devices often have trackballs that are larger than those used in computer input devices.

Digital Camera (Input Device)

A digital camera is similar to a traditional film-based camera, but it captures images digitally. Instead of saving the picture on an analog film like traditional cameras, digital cameras save photos in digital memory. Some digital cameras have built-in memory, but most use SD or compact flash cards. 

Digital cameras have many advantages over their counterparts. While a film roll typically consists of 24 pictures, a memory card can store several hundred or several thousand pictures on one card. Therefore, photographers can be a lot more lenient in the shots they take. Since images capture digitally,

unwanted images can remove directly on the camera. Most digital cameras also include a small LCD screen that shows a live preview of the image, making it easy to capture the correct picture. These cameras usually include the option of recording video.

Monitor (Output Device)

The monitor is an output device, a visual display unit (VDU) that shows the graphical and textual information of the computer. The most common output device enables monitoring users to interact with the computer more easily. The monitor essentially displays the signal sent by the computer in a visual format.

Monitors look similar to TVs externally, but typically have higher display resolution than TVs, enabling more visual details, as well as they lack a tuner to change channels. With televisions, modern computer monitors use flat screen technology and have dropped in price in recent years.

Speaker (Output Device)

Speakers receive audio signals as input from the sound card of the computer and produce them in the form of sound waves as audio output. another common type of output device is a computer speaker. They usually come in pairs to provide stereo sound and sometimes with a subwoofer unit to increase bass frequency.

Computer speakers usually have built-in amplifiers and therefore require a power supply via mains, battery, or USB port. In the past, speakers usually received their audio signal through a 3.5 mm jack plug, but nowadays many wireless speakers use Bluetooth technology. Altec Lansing claimed the first commercially available computer speaker in 1990 computer peripheral devices.

Printer (Output Device)

A printer is a peripheral device to display graphics or text on paper. They are a great resource, but they should be used in a controlled way. Their overuse puts unnecessary wear and tear on them and also use up expensive ink and paper.

The historical backdrop of printing goes back to the duplication of pictures using stamps in early times. The evolution in printing has made it feasible for books, daily papers, magazines, and other readable materials to create in appreciable numbers, and it plays a vital part in advancing literacy.

Projector (Output Device)

A projector is an image projector. It is an optical device that sets up the images onto a blank surface, generally on a projection screen. For example, a data projector simply connects with a laptop or any other computer system and projects/d is playing the output or data onto a whiteboard.

Microphone (Output Device)

A microphone is a device that captures audio by converting sound waves into electrical signals. This signal amplifier as an analog signal or convert into a digital signal, which can process by a computer or other digital audio device.

While all microphones (or "mixes") perform the same basic function, they can capture audio in many different ways. Therefore, several classes of microphones exist. The three most common types
describe below computer peripheral devices.  


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Safety rules policies and procedures

As a field technician, certain guidelines must follow to ensure their own safety and that of the co-workers. These guidelines provide a sound, safe, and flexible environment to work. The following represents the general guideline to follow while working with electrical/electronic systems:

1. Follow the correct procedure to ensure zero accidents at work.
2. Obey safety signs, stickers, and tags on the equipment/devices.
3. Use an appropriate for the respective task.
4. Read labels and instructions given on the components.
5. Wear appropriate clothing and remove metal objects before working.
6. Use prescribe protective safety equipment only.
7. Follow electrical safety rules when working with electrical machinery/equipment.
8. Report all unsafe acts or unsafe conditions on the supervisor.

Electrical safety

  It is of utmost importance to remove the power while disassembling the computer except while measuring voltage. Removing the power not only includes turning off the power switch but also unplugging it from the socket.

Ensure that the power plug should be unplugged to ascertain that there is no power in the computer. This requires as certain power providers need to provide services to the motherboard even when the power has been switched off.   The following two important points kept in mind while working the power supplies:

• Refrain from opening it when it plugged in.
• even after unplugging, the capacitor continues to hold, in which case, if the capacitor is touch, it can discharge and give a shock.

Earthing the Equipment

Earthing means connecting an electrical system, through its non-current carrying conductor part, which the ground. The earthing or grounding of a system plays a vital role in maintaining the stability and safety of the system. With poor earthing, the electrical system is prone to damage or accidents.

The  following figure list the purpose of earthing:

Earthing can be mainly classified as follows:

• Equipment grounding
• System grounding

Equipment grounding

In this type of earthing system, all the metal parts that are not carrying currently interconnect, and then they connect to the earth. Hence,  there is no potential or voltage between:

• The metal parts that are not carrying current, such as the enclosure body, cable channels, metal raceway equipment frame.
• The non-current carrying metal part and the earth

System grounding

  System grounding is used to protect an electrical/electronic system from any kind of superimposed voltage that is caused by accidental contact with a system with high voltage and lightning. This requires to prevent building up of static charges on the equipment. System grounding establishes a reference point with two voltage for the system.

The components of a ground electrode list in the following figure:

components of the ground electrode

 

The resistance of the ground electrode connection influences the level of transient voltage during any event of switching and listening. The body of the earth may consider as several concentric shells surrounding the electrode. The shells, near the electrode, are of small cross-sectional area and relativity of high residents. For example, some of the screws which connect motherboard on the computer case also connect the motherboard the ground case. The ground case is further connecting to the earth with the help of power cables.

Electrostatic Static Discharge (ESD)

  ESD is the sudden build-up of static electricity when two differently change objects together. While repairing electronic products, ESD is one of the issues that arise, as is can cause damage to the electronic device and components.

The following figure represents some causes of ESD:

ESD causes

ESD protection is essential for the sensitive components during assembly of the device and it the finished device. It can cause severe damage to components such as microchips. Grounding is imperative for ESD prevention.

An  ESD simulator having a special output circuit call the human body model (HBM) is generally utilizing to test the vulnerability of electronic devices to ESD from human contact.   The following list a few points that kept in mind to reduce ESD damage:

Explain for ESD damage reduction

• Use an ESD wrist strap:- it wraps around the wrist and contains a metal component touching the skin. A wire leads from the strap to an alligator clip that can be to the computer case this results in the user and the case being at the same potential and prevents static discharge.
• Use anti-static bags:- For handling electronic components, use anti-static bags. These bags prevent started from building up and thus help in preventing ESD damage to the components.
• Use ESD mats:- These prevent static build-up at work batches. Technicians usually use the computer on anti-static mats.
• Practice self-grounding:- Usually self-grounding uses to ensure that the body is at some ground potential as the case.
• Do not touch companies all pins:- If any circuit cards are removed, do not touch the components or the pins. Hold the outside edges or the plastic handles.
• Control humidity:- When humidity is very low, static builds up faster.
• Avoid plastic computer on carpets:- Static can build up on rugs or carpets easily than on other surfaces.