Computer Hardware Definition Of Hardware and component

Internal Hardware Components

Inside a computer, there are various small electrical and electronic components. These form the internal parts of the Computer Hardware. 

 hardware components

 The components such as the keyboard, mouse, speakers, and printer called peripheral and from the external hardware part of the computer. 

 The following image shows some internal hardware components of a computer:

 internal hardware components

Motherboard

  The motherboard is the main PCB of a computer. It contains the CPU, memory, expansion cards to regulate the audio and video, the attachment for the hard drive and optical drives, and links to ports of the computer such as the USB port. There is a direct or indirect connection between the motherboard and every other part of the computer.  

CPU

  A CPU, also called the processor is positional on the motherboard, inside the computer case. It brain of the computer. This unit takes data and instructions from the storage unit and processes it as per the instructions given and the types of data provided. it is then sent back to the storage unit. keyboard key is pressed, or the mouse is clicked or any application is started, the instructions to the CPU.   

The CPU chip (processor chip) identified by the processor type and the name of the manufacturer. This information found on the chip itself.   

For example, Intel 386, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) 386, Cyrix 486, Pentium MMX, Intel Core 2 Duo, and I Core 7.

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RAM

The ram is short-term memory in a computer used to store documents process. available chip and IC solder the motherboard.   

Ram slots are present on the motherboard and provide slots for inserting chips. These easily removed and replaced.  

Processor

The processor is a logical circuitry unit that is embedded in a printed mainboard (or motherboard), which responds to instructions and also helps in running programs like OS, and others such as Windows Office and so on.   

The processor is commonly a central processing unit or CPU; a small silicone chip aimed to perform complex computations.   

There are many types of processors like AMD (advanced Microdevices), Intel processors, and DSP (Digital signal Processing) processors.  

Hard Disks (Hard Disk Drive HDD)

 hard disk

A hard disk is a device that stores data on a computer permanently (non-volatile). A hard drive is a collection of one or more disks or platters shield with ferromagnetic material to data is written the help of a magnetic head.   

Hard disks connect to the motherboard using special cables PATA (Parallel ATA), SATA (Serial ATA), USB, or SAS (Serial attached SCSI)cables and they are power supply unit.   

The following images shows hard disk drives:      

BIOS

  A motherboard provision for initial set up of a computer after the power is turned

on, BIOS, or boot firmware.

The  BIOS consists of a software code that gives a computer the basic instruction to start whenever the computer is turned on, it runs the program within BIOS to do some basic system checks, locate the operating system on the disk and start the computer hardware .  

Expansion cards

  The dam motherboard also contains slots and provisional for expansion cards. The circuit boards inserted in the slot expansion cards. Their card allows a computer to connect and communicate with various input and output devices. The various type of expansion cards is a video card, sound card, graphics card, network interface card, and Bluetooth card.

PSU

  A PSU converts the input AC to low-voltage regulator DC power for the internal components of a computer. The most commonly used PSU is modern computers it switches-mode power supply SMPS.  

SMPS

An SMPS is the switching-mode power supply, switch-mode power supply, switched power supply, or simply a switcher. It is an electronic power supply that efficiently converts electrical power, I.e. transfer power from a DC or AC source to DC loads, such as a personal computer. The conversion process of electrical power becomes more efficient with high input voltage and synchronous rectification.

The following image shows an SMPS:

SMPS

      

The following figure shows the block diagram of a mains operated AC/DC SMPS with output voltage regulation:

Block Diagram of AC/DC SMPS

In the process of output voltage regulation by SMPS, their certain stages involved:

1. Input rectifier stage:- The first of voltage regulation known as rectification. converted input is AC to DC. If the input is already in the form DC, then there is no requirement of this stage.  
2. Inverter stage:- The second stage of voltage regulatory on converting the input DC, which comes either directly from the source of form the rectification stage, into AC. DC is a converted AC passing power oscillator.   
3. Voltage converts an output rectifier:- This inverted AC should drive the primary winding of a transformer if the output needs to be isolated from the input. This in turn makes the voltage high or low to which the desired output level on the secondary winding of the transformer. The output is rectified from the transformer it the desired output in DC.   
4. Regulations:- The output voltage monitored feedback circuit and it compares reference. An additional power supply used because the feedback circuit needs the power to function before it can generate it.    

Electronic Components found in a Computer

The following list a few common electronic components present inside all the hardware devices:

• Diode
• Capacitor
• Inductor
• Resistor
• IC
• Switch
• LED